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Terms and Definitions

Title IX forbids sex discrimination in all university student services and academic programs including, but not limited to, admissions, financial aid, counseling, academic advising, housing, recreational services, athletics, Registrar's office, grading, discipline, and classroom assignments.

Title IX Defined

No Person in the U.S. shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal aid.

Sexual Misconduct

Sexual misconduct is a continuum of conduct that includes sexual assault, non-forcible sex acts, dating and relationship violence, stalking, as well as aiding acts of sexual misconduct. 

Dating, intimate partner, and relationship violence
Any physical or sexual harm or a pattern of any other coercive behavior committed, enabled, or solicited to gain or maintain power and control over a person, including verbal, psychological, economic, or technological abuse that may be classified as a sexual assault, dating violence, or domestic violence caused by:

1. a current or former spouse of the individual; or
2. a person in a sexual, romantic, or intimate relationship with the individual.

Non-forcible sex acts
Non-forcible acts as defined by Minnesota law, including unlawful sexual acts where consent is not relevant, such as sexual contact with an individual under the statutory age of consent, or between persons who are related to each other within degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.

Sexual assault
An actual, attempted, or threatened sexual act with another person without that person’s affirmative consent.

1. Sexual act includes but is not limited to the following:
   1. Intentional and unwelcome touching of a person’s intimate parts (defined as primary genital area, groin, inner thigh, buttocks, or breast) both over and under clothing; or coercing, forcing, or attempting to coerce or force another to touch a person’s intimate parts.
   2. Sexual intercourse or penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus of a person, with any body part or object, or oral penetration of a sex organ of another person.
2. Affirmative consent is informed, freely given, and mutually understood willingness to participate in sexual activity that is expressed by clear, unambiguous, and affirmative words or actions. Affirmative consent is subject to the following:
   • The person who wants to engage in sexual activity is responsible for ensuring that the other person has consented to the sexual activity.
   • Consent must be present throughout the entire sexual activity and can be revoked at any time.
   • If coercion, intimidation, threats, and/or physical force are used, there is no consent.
   • If the person is mentally or physically incapacitated or impaired so that the complainant cannot understand the fact, nature, or extent of the sexual situation, there is no consent; this includes conditions due to alcohol or drug consumption, or being asleep or unconscious.
   • A lack of protest, absence of resistance, or silence alone does not constitute consent, and past consent to sexual activities does not imply ongoing future consent.
   • The existence of a dating relationship between the people involved or the existence of a past sexual relationship does not prove the presence of, or otherwise provide the basis for, an assumption of consent.
   • Whether an individual has taken advantage of a position of influence over another person may be a factor in determining consent.

Sexual exploitation
Abuse or attempting to abuse another person’s vulnerability, power, or trust and that is for another person’s benefit or the benefit of anyone other than the person being exploited. This includes, but is not limited to, sexual voyeurism, sexual extortion, nonconsensual distribution of sexual images, creating or disseminating deepfake or synthetic media depicting intimate parts or sexual acts, prostituting another person, and sex trafficking.

Stalking
A course of conduct (or two or more acts) based on sex directed at a specific person that is unwanted, unwelcome, or unreciprocated and that would cause reasonable people to fear for their safety or the safety of others or to suffer substantial emotional distress.

Title IX Sexual Harassment
For the purpose of Title IX, sexual harassment is conduct on the basis of sex that occurs in the United States and: (1) on Minnesota State property; (2) as part of the college’s or university’s programs or activities; (3) in locations, at events, or in circumstances over which the college or university has exercised substantial control over both the individual who engaged in the prohibited conduct and the context in which the prohibited conduct occurred; and/or (4) in buildings owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized by a college or university. Title IX sexual harassment includes conduct that satisfies at least one of the following:

1. An employee of the college or university conditioning the provision of an aid, benefit, or service of Minnesota State on an individual’s participation in unwelcome sexual conduct; or
2. Unwelcome conduct determined by a reasonable person to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person equal access to the college’s or university’s education program or activity.

Retaliation
Taking an adverse action against a person, which includes, but is not limited to, engaging in any form of intimidation, reprisal, or harassment because the person:

1. reported or made a complaint under this policy;
2. expressed opposition to suspected or alleged conduct prohibited by this policy;
3. assisted or participated in any manner in an investigation or process under this policy;
4. opposed or refused to participate in an informal resolution or investigation under this policy; or
5. accessed the college or university investigation or informal resolution process to address a conflict related to this policy; or
6. made a complaint or assisted or participated in any manner in an investigation or process with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, the Minnesota Department of Human Rights or other enforcement agencies, under any federal or state nondiscrimination law, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; the Minnesota Human Rights Act, Minn. Stat. Ch. 363A, and their amendments.

Retaliation may occur whether or not there is a power or authority differential between the individuals involved.

Uniform Amnesty

While students are encouraged to abide by all institutional policies and state and federal laws, a witness or victim/survivor of an incident of sexual misconduct who reports the incident in good faith must not be sanctioned for admitting in the report or during an investigation to a violation of the institution's student conduct policy for the personal use of drugs or alcohol. However, the institution may initiate an educational discussion with any student regarding any behavior that, without uniform amnesty, could violate the student conduct policy. 

Discrimination

No person shall be discriminated against in the terms and conditions of employment, personnel practices, or access to and participation in, programs, services, and activities with regard to race, sex, color, creed, religion, age, national origin, disability, marital status, sexual orientation.